000			04207nam a22003737a 4500
001			CRECU/2284 04.05.2022
003			OSt
005			20240305193956.0
008			221213b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
028			_b Phone: +255 28 298 3384
028			_b Fax: +255 28 298 3386
028			_bEmail: vc@bugando.ac.tz
028			_b Website: www.bugando.ac.tz
040			_bEnglish _cDLC
041			_aEnglish
041			_aKiswahili
100			_aSuzana R Massawe _dCUHAS/BP/3000547/T/18 _947292
210			_2I, Suzana R. Massawe, hereby declare that this work presented for the award of Bachelor of Pharmacy degree is my original work and has not been presented or submitted for any award at the Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences or any other academic institution for the same purpose. _aABBREVIATIONS BMC Bugando Medical Centre CUHAS Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences MRSA Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MSSA Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus MS Methylated Spirit PI Povidone Iodine SSI Surgical Site Infection
222			_aOPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS _bAntiseptics Substances that inhibit growth of microbes
222			_aOPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS _bClearance rate Rate at which Staphylococcus species are removed from the skin after application of Povidone iodine or Povidone iodine paints
222			_aOPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS _bLevel of skin colonization Presence of Staphylococcus species on the skin at the site of incision after application of Povidone iodine or Povidone iodine paints
222			_aOPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS _bSurgical Site Infection (SSI) Infection that occurs after surgery at the site of incision
245			_aLevel of skin colonization and clearance rate of Staphylococcus species before and after application of Povidone Iodine paint on patients undergoing major surgery at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
260			_aMwanza, Tanzania: _b Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences [CUHAS – Bugando] _c ©13.09.2022
300			_aPages x; 36
300			_aIncludes Refferences and Appendices
520			_aABSTRACT: Introduction: Antiseptics are substances that stop or slow down the growth of microorganism in or on living tissues. Applications of antiseptics before surgical procedures minimize the risk of developing Surgical Site Infections (SSIs). Povidone Iodine (PI) and PI paints are used in preoperative surgical skin preparation. The use of PI and Methylated Spirit (MS) has a synergistic effect thus bring a significant reduction of SSI, compared to PI alone. Methodology: A cross sectional study involved patients undergoing major surgery in the main operating theatre at BMC which aimed at determining the level of skin colonization through culture results from skin swabs collected before antiseptic application and the clearance rate of Staphylococcus species on PI and PI paints determined through culture results from skin swabs collected after antiseptic application on patients undergoing major surgery at BMC. Results: In culture results from skin colonization before antiseptic application three bacteria species were isolated with S.epidermidis most predominant 74/127 (58%) followed by S.saprophyticus 44/127 (35%) and S.aureus 9/127 (7%).The use of PI paints as antiseptics used in surgical skin preparation was effective in clearing normal skin flora by 81/81 (100%). Meanwhile the use of 10% PI alone had a clearance rate of 37/39 (95%) of normal skin flora and 2/39 (5%) showed positive bacterial growth (p=0.04) and the bacteria isolated was S. epidermidis. Conclusion: The most commonly isolated skin flora was S.epidermidis 74/127 (58%), this is normal since it covers about 90% of the body’s normal flora. The use of 10% PI with 70% MS during surgical procedures has shown to be superior 100% than PI alone 95% thus, more studies must be done on the effectiveness of PI alone.
600			_x Microbiology and Immunology _948529
600			_xSurgery _929082
600			_xPharmacy _926693
700			_aVihar kotech _919669
700			_aVitus Silago _919665
942			_2ddc _cCR
999			_c22659 _d22659