000			04162nam a22003377a 4500
001			CRECU/2278 04.05.2022
003			OSt
005			20240305193956.0
008			221213b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
028			_b Phone: +255 28 298 3384
028			_b Fax: +255 28 298 3386
028			_b Email: vc@bugando.ac.tz
028			_bWebsite: www.bugando.ac.tz
040			_bEnglish _cDLC
041			_aEnglish
041			_aKiswahili
100			_aBerrynice B Rweyemamu _dCUHAS/BP/3000552/T/18 _947286 _eUndergraduate Ethical Clearance Certificate No. 2278/2022
210			_2I, BERRYNICE B RWEYEMAMU hereby declare that the research work presented for the award of Bachelor in Pharmacy Degree is my original research work and that it has not been submitted for any award at Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Bugando or any other institutions _aAbbreviations INRUD International Network for Rational Use of Drugs WHO World Health Organization
222			_aOperational definition _bIrrational use of drugs - Patients receiving medications inappropriate to their clinical conditions and in doses that do not meet their requirements for the desired period.
222			_aOperational definition _bPolypharmacy - The administration of many drugs at the same time or the administration of an excessive number of drugs.
222			_aOperational definition _bPrescription - It is a written document from a prescriber to a patient.
222			_aOperational definition _bRational use of drugs - Patients receiving medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period of time and at the lowest cost to them and their community.
245			_aDrug use patterns using WHO prescribing indicators at Sekou Toure Regional Referral Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania
260			_aMwanza, Tanzania: _b Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences [CUHAS – Bugando] _c ©06.09.2022
300			_ax; 23Pages
300			_aIncludes References and Appendices
520			_aAbstract: Introduction:Prescription pattern explains the extent and profile of drug use, trends, quality of drugs and compliance with regional, state or national guidelines. Assessment of drug use patterns with the WHO drug use indicators is becoming increasingly necessary to promote rational use of drugs. Rational use of drug means each individual receives right medicine, in adequate amounts and in appropriate doses that meet their own requirements. Some examples of irrational prescription are over-and under-prescribing, polypharmacy, and unreasonable use of expensive drugs and inappropriate use of antibiotics. Methodology:Data was collected by using data collection tool kit obtained from WHO/INDRUD on prescribing indicators, containing variables which included patients’ names, date of prescribing, age of the patient, number of generic names, number of antibiotics and injection obtained data was entered in Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: The total numbers of drugs prescribed in generic names were 1848 which is equivalent to 91.5% with the mean average of 3.1 and standard deviation of 1.4. Among the 600 prescriptions, those with antibiotics were 333 encounters (55.5%) the mean of 0.7 and standard deviation of 0.8. Among the 600 prescriptions, those with injections were 66 encounters (11.0%) with the mean of 0.2 and standard deviation of 0.5 Conclusion: The study revealed that there was irrational use of drugs this is due of poor adherence to prescription pattern at Outpatient pharmacies. And polypharmacy was practiced since the average number of drugs per encounter was high. There was also high rate of the use of antibiotics. Generic prescribing and injection per prescription were found to be at a lower limit compared to WHO prescribing indicators. Therefore in order to improve adherence there is a need for introduction of interventions to improve prescribing practices by continued training of prescribers on rational drug use.
600			_xPharmacy _926693
700			_aAmbrose Haule _919601
942			_2ddc _cCR
999			_c22653 _d22653