000			03727nam a22003377a 4500
001			CUHAS/BP/3000094/T/12
003			CUHAS/BP/3000094/T/12
005			20240305193815.0
008			210730b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
027			_qWurzburg Road 35, BMC Premises, Post Code: 33102:
028			_b P. O. Box 1464, Mwanza – Tanzania:
028			_b Phone: +255 28 298 3384:
028			_bFax: +255 28 298 3386:
028			_bEmail: vc@bugando.ac.tz:
028			_b www.bugando.ac.tz
035			_a CUHAS/BP/3000094/T/12
040			_bEnglish _cDDC
041			_aEnglish
041			_aKiswahili
100			_a Thomas, Adelina _d CUHAS/BP/3000094/T/12 _920066
245			_a Evaluation of Larvicidal Efficacy of Cloves and Cinnamon Essential Oil Against Larvae of Anopheles Gambiae Sensu Stricto.
260			_aMwanza, Tanzania: _bCatholic University of Health and Allied Sciences [CUHAS – Bugando] : _c ©2016
300			_a xi; 26 Pages
300			_aIncludes References
520			_aAbstract: Background: Mosquitoes are well known vectors for transmission of vector-borne diseases affecting human beings, particularly malaria and lymphatic filariasis. Use of synthetic insecticides is one of the major methods of vector control. However, synthetic insecticides are associated with a number of problems including toxicity, mosquito resistance, environmental pollution, high operational cost and limited number of effective synthetic insecticides. These problems call for search and development of environmentally safe, biodegradable and low cost insecticides using natural sources. This study was undertaken to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of clove and cinnamon essential oils against anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Methods: The essential oils were collected from local market at Market Street in Mwanza. These oils were screened for larvicidal activity using WHO standardized procedures and guidelines for larvicidal test method under laboratory conditions using third instar mosquito larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.s. Lethal concentrations causing 50% and 95% mortality, LC50 and LC95 were determined by probit analysis using statistical programmed for social scientists version 17.0 (SPSS 17.0) Results: The finding of the evaluated essential oils have shown a very great larvicidal activity against wild and laboratory reared larvae of A. gambiae s.s despite of different chemical compositions they have. The chemical composition of clove and cinnamon essential oils evaluated were found to have one common chemical Eugenol. The mortality caused by cinnamon was found to be higher this probable due to linalool compound. Mortality in susceptible laboratory larvae was higher than wild collected larvae due to reported resistance gene dominance in wild population. The mortality of larvae caused by the two blends of cinnamon and clove in both laboratory reared and wild larvae had the same trend with blend having higher proportion of cinnamon causing more mortality than one with higher proportion of clove. Conclusion and Recommendations; The essential oils of clove and cinnamon shown to have larvicidal effect which was concentration dependent for both laboratories reared and wild collected larvae. The active ingredient compositions have caused different responses in mortality. I recommend further studies to be done on evaluating the each active ingredient of both essential oils to realize which particular active ingredient was a cause of high mortality in each essential oil.
600			_xPharmacy
600			_xParasitology and Entomology
700			_a Kweka, Eliningaya _919821
700			_aMazigo, Humphrey _919877
942			_2ddc _cCR
999			_c20273 _d20273