000			03709nam a22003257a 4500
003			OSt
005			20240305193729.0
008			221118b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_aeISSN: 1821-9241
022			_aprint ISSN: 1821-6404
028			_b Phone: +255 28 298 3384
028			_b Fax: +255 28 298 3386
028			_b Email: vc@bugando.ac.tz
028			_b Website: www.bugando.ac.tz
040			_cDLC
041			_aEnglish
100			_a Apansia Ndosa _923223
222			_a Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin resistant, colonization, children, Tanzania
245			_aFactors associated with colonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae among under-fives attending clinic in Mwanza City, Tanzania
260			_aMwanza, Tanzania: _bTanzania Journal of Health Research _b Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences [CUHAS – Bugando] _c2015
490			_vTanzania Journal of Health Research Volume 17 Issue 1
520			_aAbstract Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a known cause of severe invasive bacterial infection leading to morbidity and mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa. Nasopharyngeal colonization of S. pneumoniae is a critical step towards invasive disease progression. The objective of this study was to investigate the magnitude of nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae and its associated factors in Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods: Children underfives attending Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) clinics in Mwanza, Tanzania clinics were enrolled and investigated for nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae. Demographic and clinical data were collected using standardized data collection tool. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken and processed as per standard laboratory procedures. S. pneumoniae isolates were identified using conventional methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method as described by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Results: Among 350 children enrolled in the study, 172 (49.1) were females and 309 (88.3%) were below 2 years of age. A total of 253 (72.3%) children had received at least one dose of pneumococcal vaccine (Prevanar 13) whereas 83 (23.7%) had used antibiotics at median duration of 5 days in the past 14 days. Out of 350 underfives, 43 (12.3%) were found to carry S. pneumoniae in their nasopharynx. Children with chronic diseases and those at school were 3.4 and 4.4 times more at risk to be carriers of S. pneumoniae than their counterpart group (OR; 3.4 (CI(1.0-11.6) 95%, p=0.05) and OR; 4.4 (CI (1.2-15.7) 95%, p=0.023), respectively. Number of children at home, positive HIV status and someone smoking showed association with S. pneumoniae carriage but the differences were not statistically significant. The resistance levels of S. pneumoniae to penicillin, co-trimoxazole and erythromycin were 40%, 88.2% and 41.7%, respectively. However all of the S. pneumoniae isolates were found to be 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: A high nasopharyngeal carriage of penicillin resistant S. pneumoniae is observed in Mwanza, Tanzania despite a good coverage of pneumococcal vaccination. The carriage is significantly associated with schooling and presence chronic diseases. Continuous surveillance of penicillin resistant strains coupled with serotyping of the isolates is highly recommended to determine the influence of the pneumococcal vaccination.
700			_a Benson R Kidenya _922909
700			_a Martha F Mushi _919663
700			_aMariam M Mirambo _922927
700			_aAldofineh Hokororo _923224
700			_aStephen E Mshana _915820
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v17i1.
942			_2ddc _cVM
999			_c19481 _d19481