000			03168nam a22002897a 4500
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028			_b Phone: +255 28 298 3384
028			_b Fax: +255 28 298 3386
028			_b Email: vc@bugando.ac.tz
028			_b Website: www.bugando.ac.tz
040			_cDLC
041			_aEnglish
100			_aHumphrey D Mazigo _922835
222			_a Biolarvicide Fertilizer Malaria Mosquitoes Larvae Rice fields Tanzania
245			_aMalaria mosquito control in rice paddy farms using biolarvicide mixed with fertilizer in Tanzania _b semi-field experiments
260			_aMwanza: _bBioMed Central & _b Tanzania Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences [CUHAS – Bugando] _c08 July 2019
300			_aPages 1-10
490			_vMalaria Journal Volume 18 Issue 1
520			_aAbstract Background: The wide distribution of malaria mosquito breeding sites within tropical environments limits the mosquito larval source management efforts to control malaria. Rice farming contributes substantially in supporting malaria mosquito productivity in tropical countries. To overcome this challenge, this study was carried out to determine the effect of applying a mixture of biolarvicide and fertilizer on mosquito larvae density in rice farms under semi-field conditions in Tanzania. Methods: A semi-field experiment was designed to determine the timing of application of a biolarvicide, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and fertilizer (di-ammonium phosphate-DAP or urea) and assess their effect on mosquito larvae density and rice grain outputs. The experiment had five blocks (4 treatment arms and one control arm) and each had four replicates. Treatment arms had different intervals of days between treatments for mixtures of fertilizer and biolarvicides. The dosages used were 10 g of Bti/16 M2 and 160 g of DAP/Urea/16 m2. Results: In overall, the intervention blocks (with biolarvicide) had lowest mean mosquito larvae abundance compared to control block (F = 22.42, P < 0.001). Similarly, the control arm maintained highest density of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae compared to interventions blocks (F = 21.6, P < 0.001). The best determined timing for application of Bti was in 7 and in 10 days (F = 3.753, P < 0.001). There was neither significant different in mean rice grain harvest per ten panicle (F = 1.453, P = 0.27) nor mean difference in rice grain harvest (F = 1.479, P = 0.26) per intervention arms. Conclusion: The findings of this study have shown that application of a mixture of Bti and fertilizer have impact on both mosquito larvae density and maintaining yield rice harvest. Thus, application of a combination of biolarvicide and fertilizer can be an alternative approach in malaria mosquito intervention among rice farming communities of rural Tanzania.
700			_a Leonard EG Mboera _945017
700			_aSusan F Rumisha _945018
700			_a Eliningaya J Kweka _944252
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2861-4
942			_2ddc _cVM
999			_c19289 _d19289