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022			_a2049-9957
028			_bPhone: +255 28 298 3384
028			_b Fax: +255 28 298 3386
028			_bEmail: vc@bugando.ac.tz
028			_bWebsite: www.bugando.ac.tz
040			_cDLC
041			_aEnglish
100			_aHumphrey D Mazigo _922835
222			_a Schistosoma mansoni HIV-1 Co-infections Immunological interactions Deworming
245			_aEpidemiology and interactions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–1 and Schistosoma mansoni in sub-Saharan Africa
260			_aMwanza: _bBioMed Central & _b Tanzania Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences [CUHAS – Bugando] _c24 January 2013
300			_a Pages 1-11
490			_v Journal Infectious diseases of poverty Volume 2 Issue 1
520			_aAbstract Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1/AIDS and Schistosoma mansoni are widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and co-infection occurs commonly. Since the early 1990s, it has been suggested that the two infections may interact and potentiate the effects of each other within co-infected human hosts. Indeed, S. mansoni infection has been suggested to be a risk factor for HIV transmission and progression in Africa. If so, it would follow that mass deworming could have beneficial effects on HIV-1 transmission dynamics. The epidemiology of HIV in African countries is changing, shifting from urban to rural areas where the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni is high and public health services are deficient. On the other side, the consequent pathogenesis of HIV-1/S. mansoni co-infection remains unknown. Here we give an account of the epidemiology of HIV-1 and S. mansoni, discuss co-infection and possible biological causal relationships between the two infections, and the potential impact of praziquantel treatment on HIV-1 viral loads, CD4+ counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Our review of the available literature indicates that there is evidence to support the hypothesis that S. mansoni infections can influence the replication of the HIV-1, cell-to-cell transmission, as well as increase HIV progression as measured by reduced CD4+ T lymphocytes counts. If so, then deworming of HIV positive individuals living in endemic areas may impact on HIV-1 viral loads and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts.
700			_aFred Nuwaha _922993
700			_aShona Wilson _923001
700			_a Safari M Kinung'hi _922991
700			_a Domenica Morona _922989
700			_aRebecca Waihenya _944849
700			_a Jorg Heukelbach _923002
700			_aDavid W Dunne _922988
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1186/2049-9957-2-2
942			_2ddc _cVM
999			_c19255 _d19255