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100			_aStephen Eliatosha Mshana _922640
245			_a Campylobacter SPP Isolates and Their Sensitivity Pattern From Children With Acute Diarrohea at Mulago Hospital Complex Kampala, Uganda
260			_aUganda: _bMakerere University _cc2006
300			_axiv; 61
300			_aIncludes Refernces and Appendices
520			_aAbstract: Background: Campylobacter spp are a frequent cause of enteritis and less often of extraintestinal infection in humans. Infection is usually transmitted through contaminated water and food with animal’s excreta especially from poultry. Infection rate in broilers in Uganda is 87% but there is no data on these organisms in human infection in Uganda. In other developing countries infection rate has been found to be between 5-20%. This study aimed at finding the prevalence of Compylobacter spp among children with acute diarrhea attending Mulago hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Main Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the proportional of Campylobacter spp infection and the antibacterial sensitivity of these organisms among children with acute diarrhea at Mulago hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Materials and Methods: A Cross sectional study was conducted on 226 children with acute diarrhea attending Mulago hospital from June to October 2005. Serial sampling method was used to obtain the sample size. Stool specimens were obtained, examined macroscopically and microscopically for white blood cells (WBC) and gram stain; and culture was done in microaerophilic environment using blood free campylobacter media (containing cefoperazone, charcoal and deoxycholate). Identification was done using gram stain, catalase, oxidase and susceptibility to nalidixic acid, cephalothin and sodium hipurate hydrolysis. Disc susceptibility tests for erythromycin (15µg and ciprofloxacin (5µg), ampicillin (10µg) and Ciprofloxacin (5µg) were done. Results: Study population was made up of 226 children with acute diarrhea, the majority were from Kampala district 138 (61.1%), the mean age was 16 months, and 42.5% were infants. A total of 68 (30.5%) had used antibiotics before stool culture. White blood cells were seen in 56.2% of stool specimen, 78% of study population didn’t keep any animal at home. Campylobacter spp were isolated in 21 (9.3%) from 226 stool specimens cultured: Campylobacter jejuni 17 (80.9%), Campylobacter coli 1 (4.8%) Campylobacter lari 2(9.5%) and campylobacter jejuni/coli 1(4.8%). There was association between presence of white blood cells and culture result (p=0.001), also there was association between use of antibiotics and low culture rate of Campylobacter spp (p=0.031). There was no association between keeping animal at home and isolation rate of Campylobacter spp (p=0.617) also being an infant did not predispose to infection with Campylobacter spp (p=0.176). All campylobacter isolates were sensitive to erythromycin using disc susceptibility test, 20% were resistant to ampicillin and only 1 (5%) was resistant to ciprofloxacin. This isolates was identified as Campylobacter lari. The sensitivity and specificity of gram stain in diagnosing campylobacter infection was 76% and 99.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Campylobacter infection is prevalent in Uganda as in other developing countries. There is strong association between the presence of white blood cells in stool and positive culture of campylobacter. Use of antibiotics affects the culture of Campylobacter spp and the Gram stain is specific for diagnosing campylobacter infection where facilities are limited. Recommendations: A larger study could be undertaken to determine the extent of infection in our setting. Stool specimens with white blood cells should be routinely cultured for Campylobacter spp. The microscopy method (Gram stain of the stool) for diagnosis could be and alternative in situations where facilities are limited.
600			_xMicrobiology _927748
700			_aD. H. Kaddu - Mulindwa _948341
700			_aMoses Joloba _937705
700			_aKakooza Mwesige Angelina _948342
942			_2ddc _cMP
999			_c18364 _d18364