Abstract:

Background: Prostate disorders are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in men above the age of 40 years globally. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels may be used to screen men at risk of prostate cancer and determine choice of medical treatment in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and evaluation of patients with prostatitis, while prostate sonography determines prostate volume (PV) and detects nodules. Several modifications such as PSA density and IPSS score have been put in place in order to increase the sensitivity of PSA test.This study aimed to determine the correlation between serum PSA level, prostate volume and severity of IPSS score among men.

Methods: This was a cross sectional laboratory based study, which was conducted from May to July 2023 at Catholic University of Health and Allied Science (CUHAS).The study involved 384 males aged 50 years and above with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTs) attending urology clinic at Bugando Medical Center (BMC).All patients underwent a standard evaluation, involving determination of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), determination of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) level using the Maglumi 800/200 analyzer and transrectal ultrasonography for measuring prostate volume . Then PSA density was calculated by dividing the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the blood by the volume of the prostate gland as measured by ultrasound. Descriptive statistics was used to describe all the variables and Spearman’s correlation test and pearson’s correlation test were used to evaluate the relationships between them.

Results: The mean age was 68.27 ± 10.48 years with minimum of 50 and a maximum of 94. Most of the patients had severe symptoms (52%) on IPSS with the mean IPSS value of 21.93 ± 8.1. the median prostate volume (IQR) was 56 (18.5, 80.5), the median PSA level was 5.24(0.29, 13.96) and the median PSA density was 0.08(0.01, 0.18). There was a positive significant correlation between age and prostate volume (r = 0.11, p = 0.0464), age and PSA level (r = 0.16, p = 0.0053), age and IPSS(r = 0.22, p = 0.0001) , prostate volume and IPSS (r = 0.46, p =0.0001 , prostate volume and PSA level (r = 0.15, p = 0.0066) also PSA level and PSA density (r = 0.19, p = 0.0005).

Conclusion: In conclusion, there was positive significant correlation between PSA level and prostate volume, PSA density and IPSS score. The correlations observed in this study provide a foundation for improved diagnostic precision and personalized treatment strategies