Abstract:

Background: Anemia is the most common intractable health problem in Tanzania, but many areas have not been investigated with pregnant women being most vulnerable groups to anemia.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of anemia in pregnant women attending antenatal care in Makongoro Health Centre, Nyamagana district, Mwanza.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Makongoro Health Centre from March to April 2014, blood samples were examined for hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and thick blood slide (BS) for malaria and intestinal parasites were assessed following the standard procedures. Socio-demographic data was collected by using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS version 17.0 statistical software.

Results: Among 274 study participants, prevalence of anaemia was 142 (51.8%). Over three quarter, (73%) of pregnant women attended antenatal care were gravida two to gravida five. Majority of anaemia cases 31% (85) were of mild type (Hgb 10.0-10.9g/dl) followed by 18.2% cases of moderate anaemia (7-9.9g/dl) and 2.6% severe anemia (Hgb<7g/dl). Pregnant women of age between 26-35 with, history of malaria attack, hookworm infection and absence of iron supplements who attain only primary education are significantly associated with increased risk of anemia. The most prevalent intestinal parasite among pregnant women was hookworm 5 (1.8%).

Conclusion: Anemia in pregnancy is a severe public health problem in Tanzania. Preconception care including iron supplementation is necessary in early antenatal care and so improved antenatal care is needed for early diagnosis and treatment of the condition. Measures to prevent malaria and to control anaemia among all pregnant women should be strengthened. Outside of the health sector broader approaches for anemia prevention targeting women of lower income, are required.