TY  - BOOK
AU  - 	Vincent B Mwakalila	
AU  - 	Stephen Swetala 
AU  - Vitus Silago
AU  - Sarah Matuja
TI  - The Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Surgical Site Infections in the Surgical Wards at Bugando Medical Center Mwanza Tanzania
PY  - 0000///    ©15.092022///
CY  - Mwanza, Tanzania:  
PB  - Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences [CUHAS – Bugando]  
KW  -  
N2  - Abstract:

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are infections that occur within one month after a surgical operation or one year after implant surgery and a surgical procedure, either at the injury site or near the injury site. Surgical site infections are still a major global problem, especially in developing countries, where they cause increased morbidity and mortality. There is a dearth of information regarding SSIs in the North western Tanzania, particularly in this study area.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of SSIs, bacterial etiologies, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates among post-operated patients admitted to teaching hospitals in Mwanza Region, Tanzania

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 176 patients who had undergone surgery. A pretested structured questionnaire was used for assessing the sociodemographic and clinical factors. Following standard microbiological techniques, wound swabs and pus specimens were collected and transported to the CUHAS Laboratory for isolation, identification of bacteria, and antibiotic susceptibility test. Data were double entered IBM SPSS 25 software for analysis. P-value < 0.05 was declared as statistical significant.

Results: In this study, the overall prevalence of surgical site infection was 9.7% (95% CI: 8.3–15.4%). Common bacteria isolated after various procedures were: Escherichia coli 6(35.3%), Klebsiella pneumonia 3(17.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3(17.6%), Staphylococcus aureus 2(11.8%), while the least isolated bacteria was Acinetobacter spp, Proteas Mirabis and Staphylococcus epidemis with 1(5.9%) each. Two isolates of Escherichia coli (33.3%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (66.7%) were found to be Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) producer respectively i.e. resistant to first, second, third and fourth generation cephalosporin. MRSA was detected in 1(50%) of Staphylococcus aureus; of 1 MRSA isolate was isolated from a patient who had appendicectomy. The resistance rates to ciprofloxacin were 86%, 80% and 54% for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus respectively .Wound with drain (AOR = 24.538; 95% CI: 10.053–59.898), being diabetic patient (AOR = 7.457, 95% CI 2.893–19.221), age >60 years (AOR = 4.139, 95% CI 1.278–13.40), surgical procedure duration of more than 3 hours (AOR = 0.159, 95% CI 0.040, 0.630) and having dirty surgical wound (AOR = 9.026; 95% CI: 3.503–23.255) were factors significantly associated with SSIs.

Conclusion: In this study, single and multiple drug resistance to the commonly used antibiotics was high. Therefore, intensifying the implementation of infection prevention and patient safety measures and identifying an etiological cause may minimize the burden.


ER  -