Contents:

Introduction

Hematology

Energetic Parameters

Nitrogen and Protein Parameters

Clinical Enzymology

Macrominerals and Electrolytes

Trace Elements

Vitamins

Hormones

General Conclusion

Usual Values of Main Biochemical Parameters in Camel Plasma

This work brings together a wealth of data regarding the reference values and factors of variation in biochemical parameters used by camel veterinarians and scientists to determine these animals’ nutritional and clinical status. It also explores several technical aspects involved in determining these parameters, sampling procedures, and essential elements in the interpretation of the results. Though many texts are available on small and large ruminants, much less is known about species confined to the marginal zones of tropical and Mediterranean countries, such as camels. This book addresses precisely this research gap, on the one hand by presenting an extensive review of the literature, and on the other by synthesizing the outcomes of the authors’ numerous previous works.

In veterinary medicine, blood tests to help diagnose diseases in cattle were first proposed nearly a century ago, but were mainly developed in the 1960s, initially at specialized research or veterinary services laboratories, and eventually, with the advent of new equipment and the miniaturization of the analyzers, finding their way into veterinarians’ cabinets. Beyond their diagnostic value, veterinary surgeons and zootechnicians also speculated on the potential use of blood tests to evaluate animals’ nutritional status. Thus, a whole range of analyses are now proposed to the stakeholders responsible for animal health. Such analyses could help to define a metabolic profile, which would offer a valuable decision-making tool for experts and researchers alike. Common terms and phrases: Abu Damir according acid activity adult camels Aichouni Al-Busadah Al-Sobayil albumin ASAT average Bactrian camel Bengoumi biochemical parameters calcium camel affected camel blood camel calves camel Camelus dromedarius camel milk Camel Pract Res camelids cattle cholesterol clinical compared concentration in camel copper cortisol decrease deficiency dehydration diet Djibouti dromadaire dromedary camel dromedary camel Camelus effect Egypt enzymes excretion Faye and Mulato female fiuid Ghosal glucose haematological healthy camels hematocrit higher values hormone Hussein increase India infiuence Iran Kataria kidney lactation liver male metabolism mg/l mineral mmol/l Mohamed Nazifi ng/ml non-pregnant non-rutting normal observed pg/ml physiological plasma pregnant protein racing camel red blood cells reported ruminants rutting Saeed Saudi Arabia seasonal variation Seboussi selenium sheep significantly species status Sudan supplementation testosterone thyroid tissue trace elements Trypanosoma evansi trypanosomosis urea uremia vitamin vitamin E water deprivation Yagil young camels zinc