Abstract:

"Background: Antimicrobial resistance was declared as one of the top ten global health threats and contributed to millions of death of humans. Increasing irrational use of antibiotics has been driving force of antimicrobial resistance globally many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are facing the problem of antimicrobial resistance. In Mwanza region in Tanzania, various bacteria isolate emerged resistance to Cotrimoxazole and other antimicrobials.  There was presence of third generation Cephalosporin resistant gram-negative. However, there is no enough data on antibiotic use in private hospital in Mwanza.

Methodology: A hospital based retrospective cross-sectional study that involved reviewing patients’ medical records admitted in Internal Medicine wards of Hindu Hospital from January to December 2023. Data were collected and analysed in accordance with the WHO Model of Essential Medicine List 2023 and WHO access, watch and reserve (AWaRe) classification system 2023.

Results: There were 600 patients’ medical records reviewed and all patients were prescribed antibiotic. No patients’ medical records were prescribed antibiotics basing on culture and sensitivity test. Antibiotics were prescribed to both infectious and non-infectious disease.  The total antibiotic use was 946 antibiotics with ceftriaxone having the highest use 36.9 %(349). On AWaRe classification, Access class had 41 %(388), Watch class h ad 55 %(520) and the Not Recommended class had 4% (38). Antibacterial in the Not Recommended group were ampicillin/cloxacillin and ceftriaxone/sulbactam and there was no use of reserve class.

Conclusion: There were high use of third generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) and imidazole antibiotics (metronidazole). There was no use of antibiotic susceptibility test to confirm the appropriate use of antibiotics."