Abstract:

Introduction: Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is a common clinical disorder characterized by yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes due to bilirubin accumulation. Affecting over 50% of newborns globally, NNJ is particularly prevalent in low-income regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of NNJ among mothers in Mwanza, Tanzania, to help reduce its occurrence and complications.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in Mwanza, Tanzania, from July to August 2024. The study involved 67 mothers of neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and Prematurity (PREM) wards, selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.

Results: The study included 67 mothers, with the majority aged between 26-30 years (46.3%). While 100% of mothers were aware of NNJ, a significant portion exhibited insufficient knowledge. Specifically, 54.4% of mothers could identify only one presentation site of NNJ, 62.7% recognized only one danger sign, 73.1% knew only one cause, and 68.6% were aware of only one diagnostic method. This limited understanding poses a risk of delayed recognition and treatment of NNJ, potentially leading to severe complications.

Conclusion: The study reveals a general awareness of neonatal jaundice among mothers at BMC, but with significant gaps in detailed knowledge about its presentation, causes, danger signs, complications, and treatment. These findings underscore the need for targeted educational interventions to improve maternal knowledge and awareness, which is crucial for early detection and management of NNJ to prevent severe neonatal complications and mortality