Abstract:

Background: This study examines the knowledge and attitudes towards breast and cervical cancer risk factors among female students at Saint Augustine University of Tanzania (SAUT). The aim is to identify awareness levels, educational gaps, and attitudes that may influence cancer prevention and early detection behaviours.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 273 female students. A structured questionnaire assessed their knowledge of cancer risk factors, attitudes towards cancer prevention, and sources of information.

Results: The study revealed that 86.8% of respondents had received prior education on cancer risk factors, and 96.7% were aware of types of cancers affecting women. However, only 66.3% identified HPV as a risk factor for cervical cancer, 3.7% knew the recommended age for mammogram screening, and 6.2% understood the frequency for cervical cancer screening. Positive attitudes towards prevention were observed, with 92.3% believing in the preventability of cancer through lifestyle choices and 93.1% likely to engage in physical activity. Healthcare providers were the primary information source for 94.5% of respondents.

Discussion: Compared to studies in East Africa, SAUT students showed higher general awareness but similar gaps in specific knowledge areas, particularly regarding HPV and screening guidelines. This underscores the need for targeted education to improve detailed knowledge and proactive health behaviours.

Conclusion: While foundational knowledge and positive attitudes towards cancer prevention exist among SAUT female students, significant gaps in specific knowledge about cancer risk factors and screening guidelines remain. Enhanced educational efforts, particularly from healthcare providers, are essential to bridge these gaps and foster a proactive approach to cancer prevention and early detection.