Abstract:

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections globally, with certain strains associated with the development of cervical cancer. There is a higher human papilloma virus peak prevalence in young women (18-25) of university age because they are at the stage of exploring which predisposes them to risky behaviors such as early sexual intercourse and multiple sexual partners among others. Despite the availability of effective screening methods, HPV remains a significant public health concern as participation rates often fall below desired levels. This study aims to identify gaps which influences the uptake of screening programs among female undergraduate nursing students.

Method: This cross-sectional study included female undergraduate nursing students at CUHAS. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.

Results: The respondents' demographic characteristics show an average age of 23.16 years. Most are Christians (68.3%). In academic year distribution, the largest group was fourth year (29.3%). A significant majority (82.9%) have not undergone HPV screening, while 17.1% have. The respondents come from various tribal backgrounds, with the largest groups being Sukuma (20.3%), Chagga (12.2%), and Haya (8.9%). Among those who have not been screened, 75.5% intend to do so in the future, while 24.5% do not plan to undergo screening. A significant portion of respondents are neutral or somewhat positive about their likelihood of contracting HPV, with concerns about cervical cancer's impact on relationships and finances. While many recognize the importance of HPV screening, there are fears about the process and practical barriers like cost and embarrassment. Encouragement from friends and doctors to get screened is limited, highlighting the need for more advocacy.

Conclusion: This study reveals that while most undergraduate female nursing students at CUHAS have not undergone HPV screening, many intend to do so. Key factors influencing their decision include awareness of cervical cancer's severity, belief in screening effectiveness, and concerns about HPV's impact on personal and financial well-being. However, barriers such as fears about safety and effectiveness, embarrassment, and practical issues like cost and time persist. The study also identifies a gap in advocacy, with low encouragement from peers and healthcare providers, indicating a need for stronger health promotion efforts.