Abstract:

Background: Hypertension is a global health concern, significantly contributing to cardiovascular diseases. With a prevalence of 40% worldwide and 46% in Africa, it is a leading cause of mortality. In Tanzania, hypertension prevalence ranges from 19% in rural areas to 35% in urban areas, necessitating further investigation into its associated factors.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza, Tanzania. Data were collected from 191 adults using a self-administered questionnaire. The study examined the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension, including demographics and lifestyle factors. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 with results presented as percentages, frequencies, and chi-square tests for associations.

Results: The prevalence of hypertension was significantly associated with age (p = 0.0194), gender (p = 0.000), and residence (p = 0.000). Physical activity also showed a significant relationship with hypertension (p = 0.011), where individuals engaging in daily exercise were less likely to have hypertension. However, factors such as family history of hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, and stress levels did not show a significant association with hypertension.

Conclusion: The study identified significant associations between hypertension and age, gender, residence, and physical activity. These findings shows the need for targeted interventions focusing on lifestyle modifications, particularly increasing physical activity, to manage and prevent hypertension in the population.