Abstract:

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are still a major global public health problem because they raise rates of morbidity and mortality, particularly in vulnerable populations. One of the most common STIs worldwide is syphilis caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum and varies in frequency according to geographic location and population. HIV and syphilis are known to co-occur often and to have worsening cumulative impact on health. Common risk factors for syphilis in HIV-positive individuals include drug usage, several sexual partners, and unprotected sexual encounters. Therefore, this study has determined the prevalence and factors associated with syphilis among HIV-positive patients attending care and treatment clinic at the Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted between May and August 2024 among HIV-positive patients attending care and treatment clinics at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in Mwanza, Tanzania. Demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and whole blood samples were obtained in plain vacutainer tubes. Samples underwent VDRL testing, with reactive results confirmed by rapid treponemal tests. Data analysis was performed using STATA version 15.0.

Results: This study recruited 153 participants, with a majority being female 64.05% (94/153), single 45.10% (69/153), with secondary education level 45.75% (70/153). Prevalence of syphilis was found to be 9.8% (15/153), sexual practices such as unprotected sex and Oral sex were significantly associated with syphilis in HIV patients with P-value 0.013.

Conclusion: Syphilis is still a common STI among HIV positive patients attending care and treatment clinic at BMC Mwanza Tanzania. Unprotected sex remains a major risk factor for acquiring syphilis infection among HIV infected population.