Abstract:

Background: This study explores the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Mwanza, Tanzania, revealing higher rates of symptoms like abdominal pain, constipation, and GERD compared to typically developing peers. The findings highlight the need for targeted healthcare interventions in this population.

Methodology: The study was conducted in Mwanza, Tanzania, using a descriptive design involving children aged 2 to 12 years, both diagnosed with ASD and typically developing. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic information, GI symptoms, and potential contributing factors such as age, gender, dietary habits, and environmental influences. Ethical standards were strictly followed, including obtaining informed consent from parents or guardians.

Results/discussion: Results showed that 21.8% of children with ASD experienced GI symptoms, significantly higher than the 6.52% in typically developing children. The highest prevalence of GI symptoms was found in the 1-3 years age group, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and intervention. Logistic regression analysis also suggested associations with factors like sex and the source and treatment of drinking water. Despite some limitations, the study emphasizes the need for increased awareness, routine screening, and targeted interventions to improve GI health in children with ASD in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Conclusion: Addressing GI health is crucial for improving overall outcomes in children with ASD. The study recommends increasing awareness, implementing routine GI symptom screening, and providing targeted interventions to support children with ASD and their families in managing these symptoms effectively.