Abstract:

Background: Hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, poses a significant burden on maternal and child health in Tanzania. Prenatal folic acid supplementation has been associated with the prevention of neural tube defects, including hydrocephalus. However, little is known about the awareness and perceptions of mothers regarding prenatal folic acid intake in the context of hydro-cephalic children. This research work aimed to investigate these aspects to inform targeted interventions and improve maternal and child health outcomes.

Objectives: The primary objectives of this study were to assess the awareness of mothers regarding the importance of prenatal folic acid supplementation, identify their perceptions and concerns, and explore potential factors influencing their willingness to adhere to supplementation recommendations.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from 176 mothers with hydro-cephalic children at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza. Structured interviews were conducted using per-tested questionnaires to gather information on participants' demographic characteristics, awareness of folic acid supplementation, knowledge of its importance, concerns, and willingness to adhere. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to generate insights into the study objectives.

Results: The study found that a substantial majority (90.3%) of participants were aware of folic acid supplementation, with ANC clinics being the primary source of information (84.1%). While a significant proportion recognized the importance of folic acid (78.4%), concerns about potential side effects were prevalent. Among those unwilling to take folic acid pills (10.2%), 44.4% expressed fear of side effects on the mother, and 38.9% worried about impacts on the child. Misconceptions regarding medical significance also influenced reluctance (16.7%).

Conclusion: This study highlights both positive awareness and persistent misconceptions among mothers regarding prenatal folic acid supplementation in the context of hydro-cephalic children. Addressing these misconceptions through comprehensive health education initiatives emerges as a critical strategy. Strengthening health education efforts, diversifying information dissemination channels, and implementing longitudinal maternal education programs are recommended to enhance awareness, mitigate concerns, and promote adherence. Ultimately, the findings contribute to the knowledge base on maternal and child health in Tanzania, offering insights into tailored interventions that can improve outcomes for mothers and children affected by hydrocephalus and related birth defects.