Abstract:

Background: H. pylori is one of the major public health problems worldwide, affecting more than 50% of the world’s population. In developing countries like Tanzania, more than 50% of the population is infected by the Helicobacter pylori. Identification of its infection is essential for its eradication. In our settings there is no specific method for detection of H. Pylori in gastric tissue biopsy rather than the routine H&E stain which has lower detection rate of 11.2%.This study aim to find histomorphological diagnosis and detection rate of H. pylori by using Giemsa stain in gastric tissue biopsy at BMC.

Objective: To determine the histomorphological patterns and H. pylori status of gastric tissue biopsy by Giemsa stain at BMC.

Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2022 to July 2022 at CPL in histopathology unit BMC. Involves retrieval of 300 gastric tissue blocks from January 2020 to January 2022 archived in histopathology laboratory at BMC. Gastric tissue blocks were sectioned, stained by H&E and Giemsa for histomorphological diagnosis and H. pylori status. The results was presented by using tables, bar graphs, pie charts and statistical association between H. pylori and histomorphological diagnosis were assessed.

Results: A 300 gastric biopsies were identified, of which 53.75% were males and 46.3% were females. Majority of participants were 40 years and above 202(67.3%), most diagnosed with chronic gastritis 131 (43.7%), followed by gastric adenocarcinoma 115(38.3%), those aged bellow 20 years were only 24(8%). Males were predominantly diagnosed with Gastric adenocarcinoma (35.4%) and Gastric ulcers (4.9%) while majority of females had chronic gastritis (43.2%). Only 106(35.3%) gastric tissue biopsy were detected with H. pylori infection by Giemsa stain. The association between H. pylori status with chronic gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric polyps, gastric ulcers and gastric perforation were statistically significance (p-value<0.05).

Conclusion: Majority of participants were adults with 40 years and above most presented with chronic gastritis. Males were more than females most presented with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers. About one third of gastric tissue biopsy was detected with H. pylori infection. Most of gastric tissue biopsy with H. pylori infection were those with chronic gastritis. H pylori infection was associated with chronic gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric polyps, gastric ulcers and gastric perforation.