Abstract:

Background: Antibiotic surveillance is mandatory to optimize antibiotic therapy and to prevent antimicrobial resistance which is a public health threat of global proportions. High consumption of antibiotics in Paediatrics results to antimicrobial resistance which is associated with increased costs of health services, prolonged hospital stays and poor clinical outcomes. Days of Antibiotic therapy (DoT)/100 patient days is used to assess antibiotic consumption in Paediatrics, because consumption is calculated in each antibiotic and the number of days it was administered to the patient. The main target of the study was to determine the antibiotic consumption and antibiotic usage on high prevalence non-bacterial infectious diseases among pediatric inpatients at Sumve designated district hospital.

Methodology: Retrospective descriptive research design was used in this study at Sumve designated district hospital including pediatric inpatients who were admitted from October 2019 to September 2020. Antimicrobial treatment information was taken from files and convenience sampling was used; data obtained were analysed by using SPSS.

Results: Following the review of 1086 files, the total antibiotic consumption was 825.4 DoT per 1000 patient days and gentamicin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ampicillin/cloxacillin, and amoxicillin were used in high frequency. Antibiotic usage on non-bacterial infectious diseases was highest on asphyxia 28(96.6%), prematurity 25(96.2%), sickle cell disease 28(60.0%), anaemia 26(51.0%), acute watery diarrhoea 13(28.9%) and malaria 108(22.1%).

Conclusion: More than half of the admitted pediatric patients received antibiotics in both bacterial infections and non-bacterial infectious diseases. Also, most of patients with non-bacterial infectious diseases were prescribed with antibiotics which is not recommended by WHO pediatric guidelines.