Abstract:

Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates particularly in developing countries. In the past 20 years, a significant improvement has been show on maternal and child deaths but the world is still experiencing an increase in the percentage of under-five death taking place during the neonatal period and premature infants experience the highest incidence and mortality of sepsis amid all age groups. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of microbiologically confirmed neonatal sepsis in preterm infants as well as their outcomes.

Methodology: This hospital based retrospective study was conducted in neonatal unit in Bugando medical centre from January to June 2020. It involved 250 premature neonates and their social demographic data and other relevant information was collected by using WHO guidelines for sepsis in young infants.

Results: Among 250 preterm neonates, the prevalence of culture proven neonatal sepsis was found to be 53 (21.2%). Maternal risk factors that were significantly associated with neonatal sepsis were PROM (p=0.001), gestational age (p=0.002), and meconium-stained (p=0.000). Neonatal factors significantly associated with sepsis include age (p=0.004), birth weight (p=0.030) and resuscitation at birth (p=0.012). Neonatal deaths occurred in 13 (24.5%) of the preterm infants.

Conclusion: Neonatal sepsis remains to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Mothers should be encouraged to utilize antenatal services in order to identify possible risk factors as early diagnosis and treatment is key to reduce the rates of infection and prevent adverse neonatal outcomes.