Abstract:

Background: Antimicrobial is a general term refers to a group of drugs that includes antibiotics, antifungals, antiprotozoal, and antivirals. Antimicrobial resistance develops when microbes, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, no longer respond to a drug that previously treated them effectively. Antibiotics are often used for therapy of infected humans and animals. Tanzania is one of the sub-Saharan African countries facing increasing numbers of health care associated infections due to multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Data regarding ESBL isolates in Tanzania are limited to tertiary hospital based studies only.

Methodology: It was a point prevalence study that was performed and 59 rectal swab/stool specimens were taken from inpatients who presented at 8 a.m. 8th May 2019 at Magu hospital. Data collection was to be done through filling of questionnaires for the participants of antibiotic consumption. The rectal swabs/stool were cultured on MacConkey agar plate which also contained cefotaxime (2 mcg/ml). Subsequently biochemical tests like Triple sugar iron agar, Sulphide indole mortality medium, citrate test and urease were performed for bacterial identification. Sensitivity test was conducted by disc diffusion on Muller—Hinton agar, for ESBL E. coli Double disc synergy test was done. DDD was found by interview and from medical record then dividing total DDD with total number of participant’s time 100.

Results: 43.8% (21/48) were on antibiotic; most prescribed antibiotic was amoxicillin 61.8% (13/21). A total DDD was 14.741 which is equivalent to 30.71 DDD/100 bed days. 42.4% (25/59) showed positive growth of bacteria 40% (10/25) were K.pnemoniae followed by E. coli 36% (9/25). E. coli was completely resistance to amoxicillin and ceftriaxone.

Conclusion: Isolates E. coli were resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as amoxicillin and ceftriaxone. Hence, immediate action is needed to control antibiotic consumption and prevent resistant bacteria spreading in the community and healthcare facilities.