Abstract:

Background: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) is a condition in which vasospasm occur during pregnancy in both small and large arteries. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy complicate approximately 10-16% of pregnancies and are leading causes of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preeclampsia affects 5-8% of all pregnancies but 10-20% of mothers will have hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. [1] The etiology of PH remains unknown. Current hypotheses suggest placental ischemia, immune maladaptation, genetic predisposition, and vascular mediated factors as contributing to the development of this disease. The National High Blood Pressure Education Program of the NHLBI classifies hypertensive disorders of pregnancy into following categories: gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia superimposed on preexisting hypertension.

Broad Objective: To determine maternal & fetal outcome among pregnant women with pregnancy induced hypertension at Sengerema Designed District Hospital.

Methods and Materials: The study was cross section retrospective hospital based study. Checklist and files from medical record were used to obtain required data during the study.

Results: A cross section retrospective study, hospital based was done at Sengerema Designated District Hospital. A total of 150 women among those who delivered and diagnosed with preeclampsia and eclampsia from January to August 2014 and in 2005 were included in this study. Most of the women were the young aged with mean range 27 years the primigravidae were 47.3% and multiparae were 32%. The major fetal outcomes were low birth weight (33.3%), prematurity (19.3%) IUFD (12%), stillbirth (11.3%) and neonatal death (4.7%). The major maternal outcomes were stoke (4%), abraptio placenta (3.3%), Maternal death (2%), pulmonary edema (1.3%) and acute kidney injury (0.7%).

Conclusion: The youngest women aged from 15 to 25 years and those aged more than 31 years, primigravidae and multiparae were mostly affected by eclampsia and preeclampsia. The most fetal outcomes those were seen were low birth. Weight (33%), prematurity (19.3%, IUFD (12%), Stillbirth (11.3%) and neonatal death (4.7%). The maternal outcomes mostly were due to eclampsia as follows; maternal death (2%), stroke (4%) and abraptio placenta (3.3%).

Recommendation: To enhance good antenatal care for early detection of women who are in risk in order to treat or manage them early and properly, including plan of delivery.