Abstract:

Prolonged pregnancies are those that extend beyond 40 weeks and 6 days of gestation. The rate of prolonged pregnancies is influenced by both population and regional management tactics. Studies have reported varying prevalence rates of prolonged pregnancies, ranging from 3% to 20%, with some estimating that they account for more than 7% of all pregnancies. Prolonged pregnancies, affecting up to 10% of pregnancies, pose risks to both the mother and the fetus. These risks include complications such as caesarean section and perineal tear for the mother, and outcomes like a big baby, intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), hypoglycemia, fetal death, and 5-minute Apgar scores of ≤ 6 for the baby, which are often underestimated. Emerging evidence suggests that the incidence of complications increases after 40 weeks of gestation, yet the optimal timing for delivery and mode of delivery remain subjects of debate among clinicians.

Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Labor and Postnatal wards of Bugando Medical Centre. A total of 1,208 inpatients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Demographic and clinical information was collected using a structured questionnaire and recorded in Epi info software version 7.2.4.0. Data analysis was performed using the same software.

Results: Among the 1,208 enrolled participants, approximately 19.57% of low-risk pregnancies experienced prolonged gestation. Prolonged pregnancies were found to be associated with the delivery of big babies. The rate of cesarean section was notably higher among prolonged pregnancies, reaching 40.3% OR 1.2[1 – 1.6], and this difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion: This study contributes valuable insights into the challenges posed by prolonged pregnancies and highlights the need for comprehensive guidelines and clinical strategies to address these issues, ultimately improving the outcomes for both mothers and their infants. Further research and collaboration among healthcare professionals are essential to refine management approaches and reduce the risks associated with prolonged pregnancies.