Prevalence and Risk Factors of Retinoblastoma Among Children Admitted at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza. (Record no. 28708)
[ view plain ]
| 000 -LEADER | |
|---|---|
| fixed length control field | 03415nam a22003377a 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER | |
| control field | 20240913133841.0 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER | |
| control field | 20240913133841.0 |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION | |
| control field | 20240913134658.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION | |
| fixed length control field | 240913b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d |
| 028 ## - PUBLISHER OR DISTRIBUTOR NUMBER | |
| Source | Wurzburg Road 35, Premises, Post Code: 33102 | |
| Source | P. O. Box 1464 Mwanza, Tanzania | |
| Source | Phone: (255) 28-298-3384 | |
| Source | Fax: (255) 28-298-3386 | |
| Source | Email: vc@bugando.ac.tz | |
| Source | Website: www.bugando.ac.tz. |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE | |
| Transcribing agency | ddc |
| 041 ## - LANGUAGE CODE | |
| Language code of text/sound track or separate title | English |
| Language code of text/sound track or separate title | Kiswahili |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Relator term | CUHAS /MD/4003671/T/19 |
| Fuller form of name | Ezra Joseph Ndunguru. |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Prevalence and Risk Factors of Retinoblastoma Among Children Admitted at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza. |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Place of publication, distribution, etc. | Mwanza, Tanzania | |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. | Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences [CUHAS-Bugando] | |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2024. |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Extent | 31 Pages |
| Extent | Includes References |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | Background Information:<br/><br/>Retinoblastoma is the commonest primary ocular malignancy of childhood originating from primitive retinoblasts with tendency towards cone differentiation, Retinoblasts arise from the inner neuroepithelial layers of the embryonic optic cup [1]. Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a rare disease with a low incidence; however, it is responsible for about 6% of all cancers in children below 5y of age. It is one of the most common childhood ocular malignancies in the first 3-5y of life [2].<br/><br/>The clinical signs of Rb vary depending on the stage of the disease at diagnosis, The most common and noticeable sign is leukocoria (or white pupillary reflex) also known as cat’s eye reflex, which can be detected when the tumor is large, Strabismus may be seen in small tumors [3]. Other non-specific signs and symptoms include decreased visual acuity, red-eye, exophthalmos, and glaucoma [4]. In bilateral Rb, the eyes are asymmetrically involved and the signs and symptoms are more severe in one eye, many children are diagnosed before the age of 5y but the age of onset depends on the Rb type (heritable vs non-heritable) [5].<br/><br/>Globally, the incidence of Rb not only varies between different countries but there are also different reports in the same country, for example, an incidence of 12.9 in 1 000 000 children aged 0-4y was reported in the USA that has not changed in many years [6], but the incidence is higher in non-Hispanic black and Hispanic white populations. There is a similar pattern in European countries so that the highest incidence was seen in Western Europe like Belgium and the lowest was reported in Austria [7].<br/><br/>In Tanzania, Retinoblastoma is the most common malignancy in children, with a prevalence of 29.1% among other childhood tumors. A study found that the incidence of retinoblastoma was 1.5 cases per million children per year, with the median age at diagnosis of 24 months and 70% of the children presented with advanced disease, However, the estimated disease-free survival for children with intraocular retinoblastoma in Tanzania is only 24% at 30 months [8].<br/><br/> |
| 600 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| General subdivision | Anatomy and Histology |
| General subdivision | Microbiology & Immunology |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Fuller form of name | Ndulu Ishigita Magele |
| Fuller form of name | Helmut Adrian Nyawale |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Public note | Research Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for The Award of Doctor of Medicine Degree in the Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences. |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) | |
| Source of classification or shelving scheme | ddc |
| Koha item type | UNDERGRADUATE DISSERTATIONS |
| Suppress in OPAC | |
| Withdrawn status | Lost status | Source of classification or shelving scheme | Damaged status | Not for loan | Home library | Current library | Date acquired | Total checkouts | Barcode | Date last seen | Price effective from | Koha item type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MWALIMU NYERERE LEARNING RESOURCES CENTRE-CUHAS BUGANDO | MWALIMU NYERERE LEARNING RESOURCES CENTRE-CUHAS BUGANDO | 09/13/2024 | 20240913133841.0 | 09/13/2024 | 09/13/2024 | UNDERGRADUATE DISSERTATIONS |