Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among HIV Infected Patients Diagnosed With Latent Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Observational Study in Tanzania.
Maingu, Rachel. Sostheness CUHAS/BP/3000052/T/11
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among HIV Infected Patients Diagnosed With Latent Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Observational Study in Tanzania. - Mwanza, Tanzania: Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences [CUHAS - Bugando] : Phone: +255 28 298 3384 Fax: +255 28 298 3386 Email: vc@bugando.ac.tz Website: www.bugando.ac.tz ©05.08.2015 - ix; 32 Pages Includes Refferences and Appendices
Abstract:
Background: Tuberculosis is regarded as the leading world’s cause of death. It is estimated that there were 9.4 million incident cases of TB cases globally by 2009, most of these estimated number of cases occurred in Asia (55%) and Africa (30%). Of these 9.4 million incident cases 11-14% were HIV positive and 80% of the HIV positive TB cases were in Africa. WHO estimates one third of the world’s population is infected thus considered as carries of TB. Overall, 10% of infected individuals develop active TB. People infected with HIV are at a higher risk up of 20-folds of developing active TB than those not infected with HIV. TB increases the risk of progression from HIV to AIDS and has been established as the main opportunistic infection (OI) and cause of death in HIV infected people and mortality in TB patients is higher in HIV seropositive than HIV seronegative patients.
Aim: The study evaluated the efficacy of isoniazid used as a chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis to people living with HIV/AIDS attend at care and treatment center at BMC.
Methodology: The study was conducted at care and treatment center (CTC) at Bugando Medical Center a referral and teaching hospital located at Mwanza City. The study was a retrospective cohort by following the patient for four years through recording the information since first day attending CTC. The sample size was 1000 patient’s file who were HIV/AIDS and were in isoniazid prophylaxis. Data entry were by Microsoft SPSS version 20 and were analyzed using STATA 13 (Statistical Corporation, College Station, TX, US). Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were performed for determining association between categorical variables where appropriate value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. Log-rank tests were done to calculate for difference in incidences.
Results: A total of 1000 people were enrolled in this study. Among them 288 (28%) were male and 712 (71.2%) female. All of the participants were adult aged between 19 years old up to 80 years old. Most of the participants reside in Mwanza region and others where from others regions around Lake Victoria zone such as Musoma, Geita, Tabora and Shinyanga. The mean age was 44.87 years ± 10 that is (age ± SD). The incidence rate was 7.37/1000 person per year after 1355 total years of follow up. Among 1000 people included in the study 990 (99%) did not acquire active tuberculosis till the last visit to CTC, but 10 (1%) people developed active tuberculosis within four year of follow up after taking isoniazid as a prophylaxis.
Conclusion: Having gone through the analysis the study has clearly reveals that the isoniazid reduces the rate of acquiring active tuberculosis by 99%, however in other hand the said chemoprophylaxis proof failure to 1% in a thousand users.
--Pharmacy --Pharmacology
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among HIV Infected Patients Diagnosed With Latent Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Observational Study in Tanzania. - Mwanza, Tanzania: Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences [CUHAS - Bugando] : Phone: +255 28 298 3384 Fax: +255 28 298 3386 Email: vc@bugando.ac.tz Website: www.bugando.ac.tz ©05.08.2015 - ix; 32 Pages Includes Refferences and Appendices
Abstract:
Background: Tuberculosis is regarded as the leading world’s cause of death. It is estimated that there were 9.4 million incident cases of TB cases globally by 2009, most of these estimated number of cases occurred in Asia (55%) and Africa (30%). Of these 9.4 million incident cases 11-14% were HIV positive and 80% of the HIV positive TB cases were in Africa. WHO estimates one third of the world’s population is infected thus considered as carries of TB. Overall, 10% of infected individuals develop active TB. People infected with HIV are at a higher risk up of 20-folds of developing active TB than those not infected with HIV. TB increases the risk of progression from HIV to AIDS and has been established as the main opportunistic infection (OI) and cause of death in HIV infected people and mortality in TB patients is higher in HIV seropositive than HIV seronegative patients.
Aim: The study evaluated the efficacy of isoniazid used as a chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis to people living with HIV/AIDS attend at care and treatment center at BMC.
Methodology: The study was conducted at care and treatment center (CTC) at Bugando Medical Center a referral and teaching hospital located at Mwanza City. The study was a retrospective cohort by following the patient for four years through recording the information since first day attending CTC. The sample size was 1000 patient’s file who were HIV/AIDS and were in isoniazid prophylaxis. Data entry were by Microsoft SPSS version 20 and were analyzed using STATA 13 (Statistical Corporation, College Station, TX, US). Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were performed for determining association between categorical variables where appropriate value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. Log-rank tests were done to calculate for difference in incidences.
Results: A total of 1000 people were enrolled in this study. Among them 288 (28%) were male and 712 (71.2%) female. All of the participants were adult aged between 19 years old up to 80 years old. Most of the participants reside in Mwanza region and others where from others regions around Lake Victoria zone such as Musoma, Geita, Tabora and Shinyanga. The mean age was 44.87 years ± 10 that is (age ± SD). The incidence rate was 7.37/1000 person per year after 1355 total years of follow up. Among 1000 people included in the study 990 (99%) did not acquire active tuberculosis till the last visit to CTC, but 10 (1%) people developed active tuberculosis within four year of follow up after taking isoniazid as a prophylaxis.
Conclusion: Having gone through the analysis the study has clearly reveals that the isoniazid reduces the rate of acquiring active tuberculosis by 99%, however in other hand the said chemoprophylaxis proof failure to 1% in a thousand users.
--Pharmacy --Pharmacology